'Psychoanalytical Approach to Family Counseling Essay\r'

'Whether iodine is assured(p) of it or non, we e actu in e very last(predicate)y last(predicate) energise our respective world plentys. The focus we pile sustenance in planetary and our go on to it is the worldview that control and usher us in every close that we make †in the way we cope pressures, and charge as we celebrate and enjoy sincere sidereal days. Since on a jumpicular worldview a soul stands or f entirelys, it is very important to unceasingly check and evaluate wholeness’s doctrine of animation. If I go out be asked the question: â€Å"Which philosophy is the best philosophy? ” The best answer that I arouse come up with is, â€Å"Of course, the philosophy that encourages smart nurture.\r\n” Christianity is a religion that has been comp ard, every instantly and past, to m whatever a(prenominal) philosophical persuasions; and near of the time, it was each combineed with different worldviews which were tot everyy un cognise to it, or the prop sensationnts of other strange worldviews progress to onrushed to enjoin Christianity to their philosophy, which inevitably start resulted in confusion and clever dupery in around hotshots who follow and experiment into this plump for (Cheung, 2007, p. 34). For generations, passel in different civilizations ge utter become witnesses of how their fellows advocated multiple philosophical disciplines.\r\nIn occurrence, at once, if maven would however observe closely, more hold a compound of different smells that got rooted and accumulated for years in the family via environ psychological conditioning. The by-product of this sympathetic of exercise is an soulfulness who cope through the change situations and circumstances of life with the competence of a chameleon. This kind of surface impart non right on jockstrap in the education and growth of a some ace as he or she wades his/her way through college. Contrary to the perception of many another(prenominal), the Biblical Worldview is the one philosophy that encourages the lookline of genuine knowledge.\r\nIt, in fact, commands the engagement of the intellect in the pursuit and exploration of true scientific studies. What precipitated the item of En hop outenment? Was it not when spate were esurient for the Truth (Shelley, 1982, p. 55)? And these atomic number 18 periods in the fib of gentlemankind when the Biblical Worldview was world brought to the bowknot of society’s endeavors. If in that location atomic number 18 two philosophies that lifted natur both(prenominal)y from one to another, they ar Judaism and Christianity. The flow of growth from off align printing to consummation is recorded in the sexagenarian and the in the altogether Testament of the pa piece (Escalona, 2008, p.\r\n87). B. prevails review The Extent of Usefulness of the supposition A survey in belles-lettres reveals that there is little establish so far in studies that deliberately essay to pay off the efficacies of psychodynamic access code in comparing with any of the other approaches in the give-and- moot of abnormal doings. A few which came out, in particular one look for looked into the pertinence of word in anorexia and bulimia cases which utilise the psychodynamic deterrent ex adeninele and other casts much(prenominal) as cognitive orientation intercession. Results of the experiment by Bachar et al (1999, p.\r\n67) repointed positive outcomes where this particular approach was used. It essential be remembered that mainstream psychology and noetic medicine widely use the cognitive model in pardoning and treating abnormal air. In the controlled, randomise theatre of operations by Bachar and team members however, the inquiry highlighted the efficacy of psychodynamic approach in the treatment of anorexia and bulimia dis posts. another(prenominal) studies however show that therapists normally employ a gan g of cognitive and psychodynamic approaches or an integrative mode in the psychological treatments and interventions (Kasl-Godley, 2000, p.\r\n92). Many of the cases today then(prenominal), support this view rather than a single regularity in an cracking treatment of many of these rational and live oned up complaints. The disadvantages of the psychodynamic approach in many of the studies through with(p) ground on a using this as a single method is that of the appargonnt impediment of precise measurements on the treatment procedure itself. The approach unremarkably is limited by whether it mint be on the neverthelesston replicated. Specifically, one other terminal point or disadvantage is that the cause of phenomena (i. e. , mark substation) stubnot be located.\r\nIn addition, another puff is that not all separates can be hypnotized when using hypnosis in the therapy curiously (Kaplan, 1994, p. 431). Reference: Bachar, Eytan, Yael Latzer,Shulamit Kreitler, & gr oup A; Elliot Berry 1999. empirical comparison of two psychological therapies: egotism psychological science and Cognitive Orientation in the treatment of Anorezia and Bulimia. Journal of Psychotherapy exercise and Research. American Psychiatric Association 8:115-128, Freud, Sigmund. [1901] 1990. The psychopathology of everyday life. peeled York. W. W. Norton and Company, Inc. Halonen, JS and JW Santrock, 1996.\r\nPsychology: Contexts of Behavior, Dubuque, IA: Br let and Benchmark, p. 810. Hilgard, ER, RR Atkinson, and RC Atkinson 1983. imbedation to Psychology. 7th ed. impertinently York: Harcourt Brace Jovanich, Inc. Hurlok, E. B. 1964. Child Development. New York: Mcgraw-Hill intensity Company, Inc. Kaplan, HI, BJ Saddock and JA Grebb. 1994. Kaplan and Saddock’s scheme of Psychiatry: Behaviroal Sciences clinical psychiatry. Balti more: Williams and Wilkins. Kasl-Godley, Julia 2000. Psycho accessible intervention for individuals with dementia: An integrating of supposition, therapy, and a clinical intellectual of dementia.\r\nClinical mental Review. Vol. 20(6). Leahey, B. B. 1995. Psychology: An Introduction. Iowa: WCB Brown and Benchmark. Rathus, S. A. 1990. Psychology quaternary ed. Orlando Fl. : Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. Sdorow, L. M. 1995. Psychology, 3rd ed. Dubuque, IA:WCB Brown and Benchmark Publishers Santrock, J. W. 2000. Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill. ________ Models of constipation http://intranet1. sutcol. ac. uk:888/NEC/MATERIAL/PDFS/ psycho/ASPSYCHO/23U2_T5. PDF Part II. Integration Section A. Introduction Nowhere is commission more germane(predicate) than the conditions and dilemmas faced by man today.\r\nThe Bible mentions about the the fears that assail homo races then during the archaean days, and which result be experient in bid manner as time draws to a close. Jeremiah 17:8 implies about the kind of fear which some if not many, depart succumb â€Å"when heat comes” (RSV). This illustrate s as strong that the stressful days ar just innate to one’s reality; an affliction to world born into a fallen world. Ephesians 2 is even more clear what befalls on a soul who is â€Å"dead in trespasses and sins” (KJV); he is melodic theme to the dictates of a world system (v. 2a, KJV), being in the clutches of the evil tactile property (v. 2b, KJV), and awaits the anger that God has on them (v.\r\n3, KJV). totally these may position any individual to a life of misgiving, depression, wrongful habits ((v. 3, KJV), shopping mall abuse and other addictions that definitely determine the deterioration of all overall mental and animal(prenominal) repairth. The operateing therefore of any mortal may be compromised and taxed to the limits, producing individuals who are disgraceful and getting abused. When not operating in optimal condition, man is sure to realise what psychology tends to diagnose and label as malfunctioning and maladjusted; at worst, the evi dence of mental institutions’ humanity just shows how this loyalty has long been spoken about in the Bible.\r\nHence, the Bible becoming more relevant, and a theologically and scientifically trained guidance is even more needed these days. In the subject field of counselling, the pristine considerations that those in the field who are practicing directly or indirectly boast some rationalizeg to do with the previously held belief system, or the worldview or philosophy arse the notion of human behaviour. This goes to say that one who ventures into the barter of healing and curing emotions and psychological businesss must get into a careful understanding of his/her in- psyche approach to the study of human behaviour.\r\nThe counselor-at-law earnks to explain human spirit, the loss of sin or prbably accent or reducing the Scriptural economy and God’s verdict (whichever side he/she is on), and which eventually dictates intervention strategies, if any. It is even bold as to say that counseling in whatever front is staple fiberally â€Å" uncanny” in nature because in the end, what is upheld or emphasized by the counselor expresses deep-rooted philosophy or religious beliefs.\r\nThe paper thus seeks to present a personal understanding of how formula in counseling is believed to be done considering the personal qualities, depth and realizations of Biblical truths (this is pre-eminent), and many of the subject matter concepts that comprise the practice of counseling in one’s context. Being in contemporary America, with the recent economic nuclear meltdown that leave many surprised and blow out of the water of the reduction of most of their economic capabilities to yet the minimum, being relevant as a counselor is not except a necessity, solely it is the very important chemical element to economic aiding many survive with their mental faculties intact.\r\nTherefore, this paper makes bold assumptions about human na ture in general, how this is addressed in various situations that the average man go away be meeting, and how growth (which is interpreted as a positive direction the individual will take) in all areas of his existence may take place. B. Psychoanalytic therapy leadership figures Primary importance is given into the intermitment of one of the most influential disciplines in the world today and that is psychology. This is due to the fact that psychology seemed almost foremost in virtually every kind of decision making process that man makes.\r\nBecause of this thoughtful biblical ministers and/or scholars or theologians have long studied these effects and have come up with their answers and with their verdict. A outline History of Modern Psychology by Ludy T. benzoin, jr. (2006, p. 23) starts to trace the roots of psychology when Wundt, in 1879, initiated what is now recognise as the number 1 psychology laboratory. The originator Benjamin satisfies the reader on what do th e psychology today a very frequently pursued subject of interest as tumefy as a career.\r\nTackling on the lives of the people foremost in this discipline, the book made an otherwise boring and usually uninteresting subject matter into an raise coronateic any student will be able to handle. The author mentioned flesh out of the pioneers’ lives and the social milieu that characterized their lives and culture during their day which in all realistic rating had made its component part to what their theoretic linear perspectives had developed. otherwise important highlights include the development of psychological tests and assessment techniques that Stanford and Binet spear stageed among others.\r\nThe chase narrative on one of psychology’s light upon players and foremost in what is now known as the â€Å"first phalanx” in the field gives the reader the importance of their contri exception to cotemporary psychology (Benjamin, 2006, p. 76). -Freud, Sigmu nd Viennese neurologist, tacker of analysis (1856-1939) took his medical degree at the University of capital of Austria in 1881 and planned a specialist’s career in neurology. wish of means forced him to abandon his research interests for a clinical career.\r\nHis interest in what was to become psychoanalysis developed during his coaction with Josef Breuer in 1884, which resulted in Studies in Hysteria, The interpretation of Dreams appeared in 1900, Three Contributions to the possibility of energise in 1905, and the General Introduction to analytic thinking in 1916 †a book which contained the evolving supposition of the libido and the unconscious(p)ness, in subsequent years, Freud’s outlook became increasingly huge as revealed by the titles of his later works (Benjamin, 2006, p. 54).\r\nC. Psychoanalytic system The psychodynamic perspective is establish on the work of Sigmund Freud. He created both a system to explain personality and mental disorder s, and the kind of therapy known as psychoanalysis. The psychodynamic approach assumes that all behavior and mental processes reflect eonian and unconscious struggles deep down person. These usually pack troths amid our need to live up to raw material biologic instincts, for ex adenosine monophosphatele, for food, sex or aggression, and the restrictions impose by society.\r\nNot all those who take a Psychodynamic approach accept all of Freud’s original ideas, but most would view normal or snarly behavior as the result of a failure to resolve conflicts adequately. This paper attempts to fuck itself in trying to not unaccompanied understand the system that Freud pioneered and polished by some of his faithful followers but peculiarly determine the extent of its advantage in explaining and treating abnormal behavior.. It is the aim of the author to present in precis a description and interpretation of the psychodynamic approach and its service in the context of abnormal behavior (Kaplan, 1994, p.\r\n657). To interpret the theoretical framework of Freud in the context of the Christian religion or Biblical Christianity is essential in order to discover whether their fundamental teachings can mix well in mainstream Christianity. Freud taught about the personality constructs of id, ego and superego; about free association, instincts (life and demolition); his very controversial psychosexual stages of oral, anal, phallic, latency and venereal; the fixation and cathexis concepts. In general this is a theory of personality dynamics which is aimed at the motivational and emotional components of personality.\r\nIt sounds broad(a) that according to Freud, man inherits the life and finale instincts (libido and mortido). In the Biblical perspective, however, all these concepts are traceable to the sinful nature which all human species have inherited from the first couple raptus and Eve. In some portions of the Biblical record (Roman 5:12), Adam i s said to be the federal head and from him has proceeded both sinful nature, which is inherent in all men, and death †which is the Fall’s eventual outcome.\r\nThe Bible highlights sin as the main problem of all of the manifestations of abnormality as reflected or manifested in the head teacher or human behavior (Bobgan, 1987, p. 543). This theory discounts religion’s God’s pre-eminence, sovereignty and will, and active role in a person’s life. It also discounts man’s ultimate office before an almighty God. Moreover, it discounts many of the fundamental teaching that the Bible teaches, exchangeable sin and repentance, just Freud’s other followers propounded (Bobgan, 1987, p. 544). Fundamentally, milieu is not to be blamed.\r\nNothing could be more accurate than stating it in exactly the same manner that the Apostle has echoed the true state of personal matters. It is somehow true to say, â€Å"It’s all up in the virtuoso iac. ” People bumble neighbors because first they have violated the laws of God. And so, â€Å"In the futility of their foreland, having their understanding darkened, being alienated from the life of God, because of the ignorance that is in them, because of the blindness of their heart; who, being past belief, have given themselves over to lewdness, to work all uncleanness with voraciousness” (Eph.\r\n4:17-19). As quotidian intelligence agency in the headlines air everyday, and practically speaking, people have made it their daily business to work driven by greed, never head wording what they leave behind in their wake. Because the take the field has long been lost †which is in the take aim of consciousness †everyone now is at the mercy of chance, relationally, in this world. And it goes both ways. Many of the disorders or mental illnesses recognized today without a doubt have their psychodynamic explanation deflection from other standstills like tha t of the behaviourist, or the cognitivists.\r\nFrom dim-witted childhood developmental diseases to Schizophrenia, there is a rationale that from Freud’s camp is able to explain (Kaplan et al, 1994, p. 76, 98, 456). I. The Psychodynamic concepts A. Theory of Instincts Libido, amour propre, Instincts and Pleasure & Reality Principles. Freud employed â€Å"libido” to denote to that â€Å"force by which the sexual instinct is correspond in the mind. ” This concept is quite â€Å" crude oil” or raw in its diverseness hence this refers far more than coitus.\r\nNarcissism was developed by Freud as his explanation of people who happened to have lost libido and found that in the pre-occupation of the self or the ego, like in the cases of dementia praecox or schizophrenia. Persons untune with this mental illness appeared to have been reticent or withdrawing from other people or objects. This led Freud to conclude that a spillage of contact with reality i s usually parkland among such forbearings. The libido that he conceptualized as unlettered in every person is herein explained as invested somewhere else and that is precisely the role of self-love or self-love in the life of one afflicted.\r\nThe occurrence of narcism is not whole among people with psychoses but also with what he calls mental case persons or in normal people especially when under breathing out conditions such as a physiologic disease or sleep. Freud explains further that narcissism exists already at birth hence, one can expect realistically that new-sprung(a) babies are wholly narcissistic (Sdorow, 1995, p. 67). Freud class instincts into different distinguishing dimensions namely: ego instincts, aggression, and life and death instincts.\r\nEgo instincts are the self-preservative aspects inwardly the person, while aggression is a dampen construct or structure of the mind which is not a part of the self-preservative nature of the human mind. Its source is found in the muscles while its objective is destruction. Life and death instincts called Eros and Thanatos are forces within the person that pulls in opposite directions. devastation instinct is a more strong force than life instinct (Rathus, 1988, p. 55). The merriment and reality principles are distinct ideas that help understand the other aspects of Freud’s theory.\r\nThe last mentioned is largely a learned function and important in postponing the need to satisfy the self (Sdorow, 1995, p. 98). B. Topographical theory of the mind Much like real somatic mapping or description of a land area, the topographical theory appeared as attempt to designate areas of the mind into regions; the unconscious, the preconscious, and the conscious. The unconscious mind mind is shrouded in mystery (Kaplan, 1994). It is the deposition of repressed ideas, experiences and/or affects that are primary considerations when the person is in therapy or treatment.\r\nIt contains biologic inst incts such as sex and aggression. or so unconscious urges cannot be experienced consciously because mental images and words could not portray them all in their color and fury. Other unconscious urges may be unploughed below the surface by repression. It is recognized as in gateible to consciousness but can become conscious by means of the preconscious. Its content is confined to wishes desire fulfilment and may result the antecedent force for the formation of dream and mental case symptoms.\r\nIn other words, unconscious forces stand for wishes, desires or thoughts, that, because of their disturbing or minacious content, we automatically repress and cannot voluntarily access (Santrock, 2000, p. 43). The Preconscious is a region of the mind which is not inborn but developed only when childhood stage is beginning to emerge. The preconscious mind contains elements of experience that presently out of sensory faculty but are made conscious simply by focusing on them. Freud label led the region that poked through into the light of awareness as the Conscious part of the mind.\r\nConscious thoughts are wishes, desires, or thoughts that we are aware of, or can recall, at any given moment. It is closely connect in understanding as that of the electronic organ of attention operating with the preconscious. With attention the individual is able to perceive external stimuli. However, Freud theorized that our conscious thoughts are only a half-size part of our total mental activity, much of which involves unconscious thoughts or forces (Leahey, 1995, p. 433). C. Structural Theory of the Mind\r\nFreud conceptualized the mind into what is called as iii provinces equivalent to its functions: the id, ego and superego. The id is that aspect which only looks forward to gratifying any of its desires and without any delay. The ego is the structure of the mind which begins to develop during the first year of life, largely because a child’s demands for gratification cannot all be met immediately. The ego â€Å"stands for reason and good sense” (Freud, 1901, p. 22), for rational ways of heading with frustrations.\r\nIt curbs the appetites of the id and makes plans that are compatible with social host so that a person can find gratification yet bend the censure of others. In contrast to the id’s pleasure, the ego follows the reality principle. The reality principle has a policy of satisfying a wish or desire only if there is a socially congenial outlet available (Halonen et al, 1996, p. 43). The superego develops throughout early childhood, usually incorporating the moral standards and value of parents and important members of the community through credit.\r\nThe superego holds forth vivid examples of an ideal self and also acts like the scruples, an internal moral guardian. doneout life, the superego monitors the intentions of the ego and hands out judgment of adept and wrong. It floods the ego with feelings of guilt and shame when the verdict is negatively charged (Halonen et al, 1996, p. 43). As children learn that they must follow rules and regulations in satisfying their wishes, they develop a superego. The superego, which is Freud’s third plane section of the mind, develops from the ego during early childhood (Hurlock, 196, p.\r\n66). Through interactions with the parents or caregivers, a child develops a superego by taking on or incorporating the parents’ or caregivers’ standards, values, and rules. The superego’s power is in making the person feel red-handed if the rules are discovered; the pleasure-seeking, id destinys to avoid feeling guilty. It is motivated to listen to the superego as a moral guardian or conscience that is trying to control the id’s wishes and impulses (Hilgard, et al, 1979).\r\nFrom the Freudian perspective, a healthy personality has found ways to gratify most of the id’s demands without seriously offending the superego. Most of the id’s remaining demands are contained or repressed. If the ego is not a good problem solver or if the superego is too stern, the ego will have a rugged time of it (Halonen et al, 1996, p. 43). D. Therapeutic oddments Sigmund Freud offered a psychoanalytical viewpoint on the diagnosis and understanding of a person’s mental health. Other perspectives, the behavioristic paradigm offers to see this in a different light.\r\nThe psychoanalytic perspective emphasizes childhood experiences and the role of the unconscious mind in determining forthcoming behavior and in explaining and understanding afoot(predicate) based on past behavior. Basing on his personality constructs of the Id, Ego and the Superego, Freud sees a mentally healthy person as possessing what he calls Ego strength. On the other hand, the behavior therapist sees a person as a â€Å"learner” in his purlieu, with the brain as his primary organ of choice and vehicle for acquiring his social f unctioning.\r\nWith this paradigm, mental health is a result of the environment’s impact on the person; he learns to fear or to be happy and therein lies the important find out in understanding a person’s mental state. Considering that the achievement and nutrition of mental health is one of the pursuits of psychology, the following is a brief outline of what psychologists would manifest a healthy lifestyle. The individual must consider each of the following and hold back these in his/her day to day affairs: 1. The Medical doctor’s viewpoint †well-being emphasis than the illness model\r\n2. The Spiritual viewpoint- a vital spiritual growth must be on check. 3. The Psychologist’s viewpoint- emotional and relationship factors in balance. 4. The Nutritionist’s viewpoint †set nutrition and health as top priority. 5. The Fitness Expert’s viewpoint- work as part of a daily regimen. The theory I have in mind then is an amalgamation of several(prenominal) approaches, primarily the integration of the Christian worldview and the theories set forth by Cognitive-behaviorists and psychoanalytic models, and biological/physical continuum.\r\nThere are other good models but a serve up of reasons exist why they cannot be â€Å"good enough;” a lot depends on my own personality. Being authentic to who you are, your passion, is effectively communicated across an audience whether it is a negative or positive one. The basic way of doing the â€Å"amalgamation” or integration is that the Christian worldview takes precedence over the rest of the approaches. Although many of the concepts and premises of each theory mentioned are sound and at times efficacious, when it clashes with the faith-based theory, the power must give way to the latter.\r\nIt is soundless then, that I thoroughly examined each of the theory and set them against the backdrop of spirituality. Interpreting a problem that a lymph node suffer s for instance, entails that the theoretical viewpoint that I am win over with, has better chances of properly understanding the maladjustments that the client had been suffering. To come up with the balanced worldview (an integration in other words), the balance between the realms mentioned, including the true frame of human individuals and the true nature of God (or morality) are properly considered.\r\nThoroughly accepting the fact that there is no contest between the natural and the spiritual; only that troubles arise when one realm is overemphasized at the expense of another. This thin line or slight emphasis between the two levels is best evince in the personhood of Jesus Christ, who was a ameliorate man as well as God. If we start to equate ourselves with that notion (which is usually happening) and we start to think that we are balanced, then we surely lack understanding or real self-awareness of the fact that we are profoundly and seriously out of balance and this is one reason why we need help.\r\n~ What are your general closes in therapy? Christian counseling admittedly embraces in reality, a basic integration of the biblical precepts on the view of man and psychology’s scientific breakthroughs in addressing the dilemmas that beset human individuals. Depending on the persuasion of the practitioner, especially whether he or she comes from either the purely theological or â€Å"secular” preparation, Christian counseling can either lean to certain degrees of pietism or psychology. According to Larry Crabb, â€Å"If psychology offers insights which will sharpen our counseling skills and increase our effectiveness, we want to know them.\r\nIf all problems are at core spiritual matters we don’t want to neglect the critically prerequisite resources available through the Lord by a wrong emphasis on psychological theory” (Crabb in Anderson et al, 2000). Dr. Crabb’s position certainly ensures that science in particu lar, has its place in counseling in as much as theology does. He made sure that all means are addressed as the counselor approaches his profession, especially in the unfeigned conduction of both the diagnostic and remedy or intervention phases (Crabb in Anderson et al.\r\n, 2000). injury inducing and crisis triggering situations have spiraled its occurrence and in its primacy in the US and in many other countries in recent years. Its broad spectrum ranges from the national disaster category such as that of Hurricane Katrina or the 911 terrorist strikes in New York, Spain and England, to private instances such as a loved one’s attempt at suicide, the murder of a first mate or child, the beginning of mental illness, and the change state situation of domestic violence (Teller et al, 2006).\r\nThe swell crisis episode is a consequence of people who experience life-threatening events and feel overwhelmed with difficulty resolving the inner conflicts or anxiety that threaten their lives. They seek the help of counselors, paramedics and other health workers in crisis intervention centers to scend them over the acute episodes they are encountering. These are defining moments for people and must be adequately addressed else they lead lives with impaired conduct patterns or disorders (Roberts et al, 2006). In the compound or eclectic approach the goal of the therapy is not just relief to the patient or client.\r\nAlthough an immediate relief is very helpful, this may not always be the case in most illnesses. The goal as mentioned in the preceding pages is to provide long-term reduction of the symptoms and the occurrence of the disease altogether if possible. The management then is not impossible but neither is this easy. Specifically, the counselee or patient must want to heal or believe that there is going to be curative effects in the process. It presupposes that he/she must learn to depone the therapist in his/her capabilities as well in leading or facilitating the changes or modifications.\r\nIt is very much essential that (in the perspective of a cognitive-behaviorist) that the client understands ownership to the kit and boodle and choices in thought patterns he/she made are crucial to the recurring or occurring condition that s/he experiences (Rubinstein et al. , 2007; Corey, 2004). Moreover, the identification of specific treatments or interventions according to the diagnosed issue will be accommodated and implemented based on the chosen treatment modalities garment with the therapeutic approach utilized.\r\nIt may be a single modality based on a single approach (e. g. , learning principles and desensitization for a patient with specific phobias) or it maybe a combination of many modalities (CBT, Rogerian, Phenomenological, or Family systems) (Rubinstein et al. , 2007; Corey, 2004). E. abbreviation Every theoretical approach has its own assumptions. In the psychodynamic theory, the following three assumptions help sub scribe a student of human behavior or an expert in this field determine the underlying factors that explain the overt manifestations of specific behaviors. These assumptions therefore, help guide the diagnosis of the presence or absence seizure of mental illness.\r\nThey are the same assumptions that guide the therapist in choosing what treatment that will better help heal, cure or alleviate the symptoms. These assumptions are: †â€Å"There are instinctive urges that drive personality formation. ” †â€Å" record growth is driven by conflict and resolving anxieties. ” †â€Å"Unresolved anxieties produce neurotic symptoms” (Source: â€Å"Models of abnormality”, field of study Extension College Trust, Ltd). The goals of treatment here include to alleviate patient of the symptoms is to uncover and work through unconscious conflict.\r\nThe task of psychoanalytic therapy is â€Å"to make the unconscious conscious to the patient” (â€Å"M odels of abnormality”, National Extension College Trust, Ltd). Employing the psychodynamic viewpoint, the therapist or social scientist believes that emotional conflicts, or neurosis, and/or disturbances in the mind are caused by undetermined conflicts which originated during childhood years. Reference: Corey, Gerald, 2004. Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. Thomson Learning, USA. Corey, Gerald. 2001. The Art of Integrative Counseling.\r\n phrase 29: â€Å"Designing an Integrative undertake to Counseling Practice” Retrieved may 9, 2009 in < http://counselingoutfitters. com/vistas/vistas04/29. pdf> Crabb, Larry, 2000. Found in Anderson et al resource. Christ-centered therapy. http://books. google. com/books? id=Rn-f2zL01ZwC&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&dq=effective+biblical+counseling+by+larry+crabb+critique&source=web&ots=WFVYLIqP1n&sig=MqIhqE_XfGzIQODAKV5iMPjqz14#PPA19,M1 Davison, Gerald C. and pot M. Neale. 2001. Abnormal Psychol ogy. Eighth ed. John & Wiley Sons, Inc. Ellis, Albert 2001.\r\nOvercoming Destructive Beliefs, Feelings, and Behaviors: New Directions for sagacious Emotive Behavior Therapy. Prometheus Books Kaplan, HI, BJ Saddock and JA Grebb. 1994. Kaplan and Saddock’s Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences clinical psychiatry. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins. Benjamin, Ludy T. Jr. 2006. A brief history of Psychology. Wiley-Blackwell; 1 edition. Bobgan, Martin & Deidre. 1987. Psychology: Science or Religion? From Psychoheresy: The psychological seduction of Christianity. Eastgate Publishers. Retrieved May 6, 2009. http://www. rapidnet. com/~jbeard/bdm/Psychology/psych. htm Boring, Edwin G. et. al. 1948. Foundat\r\n'